The science of sumo wrestlers. What could be better?
Now, you might look at these guys, and the LAST thing on your mind is their hands. Mostly you think they could probably crush you just by looking at you funny. And perhaps, if their HANDS are right, they could.
Tamiya et al. “Second to fourth digit ratio and the sporting success of sumo wrestlers” Evolution and Human Behavior, 2011.
Look carefully at your hand. Specifically, look at your second and fourth digits of your dominant hand (if you’re a guy, if you’re a girl…well I have no idea what this will mean). The index finger and the ring finger are known to indicate exposure to testosterone in utero. Basically, the ratio between the two correlates with in utero testosterone exposure, with a smaller ratio indicating MORE testosterone. And this exposure to testosterone, and the smaller digit ratio, has been correlated with increased athletic performance in things like rugby, fencing, skiing, and football.
So you know, why not sumo wrestling?
The authors wanted to get digit ratios off Sumo wrestlers. They did not want to take measurements from wrestlers who were still competing, because those might have ranks and winning ratios that would change over time (also, walking up to a sumo wrestler and asking for his digits seems like something it would take a lot of courage to do). They needed retired sumo gods. Luckily for them, sumo is a very big deal in Japan, and there is a sumo museum, dedicated to the successes of sumo wrestlers over the years. And as part of their collections, they collect the HANDPRINTS of each wrestler, which wrestlers are expected to provide when they become professionals.
They took photos of all the handprints, measured the digit ratio, and compared it to the sumo wrestler’s rank. Rank is taken very seriously in sumo wrestling (as in any competitive sport, really). A young sumo wrestler starts out in training, at a rank of Jonokuchi, Konidan, Sandanme, or Makushita (from lowest the highest). Once they are officially professionals, the top 66 are ranked as Jyuyo, and the very highest rank, Makuuchi.
What they got was this:
Remember, the smaller the ratio, the higher the testosterone exposure. And in this case, the “better” the wrestlers, or at least the higher rank. It looks like there might be an effect on size, but they don’t mention it.
So the smaller digit ratio is correlated with a higher winning percentage in sumo wrestlers. This goes along with other findings in other sports. But the effect size they found here was smaller than in other sports, especially those requiring large amounts of endurance. So they think that the digit ratio may be correlated more with endurance than with pure explosive power. It makes me wonder if the differences are correlated with any differences in competitiveness, though that would be VERY difficult and biased to measure. And obviously this is all correlation, but it makes me wonder if some sports coaches will start to look at their athletes hands suspiciously.
So dudes, look at your hands. Were YOU born to be a sumo wrestler?
